tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-87326996102621480062024-03-13T13:19:53.452-07:00WELCOME TO LUNCH-TIME SCIENCE CLUBAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18343830016105006474noreply@blogger.comBlogger15125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8732699610262148006.post-59547201779104612322013-12-08T06:10:00.002-08:002017-11-25T04:47:55.299-08:00About the Project<br />
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<u><span style="color: #464646; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">About the project:</span></u><span style="color: #464646; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> The science club I run at Wesley College started in 2007.
It began from a spontaneous idea - to let the interested junior students to come to science labs and do some experiments. I suggested to start the science club and offered my services as a leader. The first I made an
announcement that club is open for any student (from Yr3 to Yr 6). Each session
would <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>last 20 min during Recess time, every
week. I did have “a green light” for doing so from my HOL and the principal,
and still do with the new administration. As the club turned to be very
successful (from the words of our former principal Mrs Lovell), I continued to
do so every year. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="color: #464646; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #464646; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Number of participants varies from year to year,
but optimal is 8 (no more than 10) as per one adult leader.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At first year I had
9 to 11 regular attendees. Yet, not every group of pupils is the same, not
every year was the same (time-table, work load etc), not each session was
successful. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Careful selection of activities, planning with
account of abilities, punctuality of attendees are key
factors to success.</span><u><span style="color: #464646; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><span style="text-decoration-line: none;"> </span></o:p></span></u><br />
<u><span style="color: #464646; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></u>
<u><span style="color: #464646; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">This document gives the list and order of activities</span></u><span style="color: #464646; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> we did throughout a year with our participants and
can be used for ideas and guidance by anybody who wants to run their science
club. The hope is that via hands-on activities students will develop their
practical skills, gain knowledge, understand concepts and methods and see the
fascinating (or at least fun) side of science. An informal atmosphere helps to
encourage all of the above and establish relationship with the regular
attendees.</span><u><span style="color: #464646; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><span style="text-decoration-line: none;"> </span></o:p></span></u><br />
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<u><span style="color: #464646; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Running style</span></u><span style="color: #464646; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">: Begin with some quick and easy experiments to engage initial interest.
Usually at the start I provide the groups with a method for them to follow step
by step. In other times – I state the goal, provide materials and let students
go (without step-by-step instructions).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="color: #464646; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">At school, I currently run a science club on each
second Tuesday at lunch, for 30 mins and it is open to Yr4 pupils. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">Contents:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Activity
Number<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Activity<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Make a Paper Clip Float<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">The great pepper dispersion<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.75pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Blooming Paper Flower: capillary action<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3 </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;">new</span></i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 327.9pt;" valign="top" width="437"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">The Language of Science: Is this Water
Hot or Cold? Thermometer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Discuss the word “sound” too, try to define
what is “sound” (is vibration)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background: rgb(242, 219, 219); border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.75pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(242, 219, 219); border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 327.9pt;" valign="top" width="437"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Colour Chromatography: Black Pen Magic<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;">Inquiry:</span></i></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"> how many pigments? What colours are
they? Which colour moves furthest?<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.75pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 327.9pt;" valign="top" width="437"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Fire Works: Flame Test Demo &<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mystery Metal activity<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.75pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 327.9pt;" valign="top" width="437"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Rainbow Lab (optional): practicing basic
laboratory skills<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.75pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 327.9pt;" valign="top" width="437"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Introduce pH. Red Cabbage Acid-Base
Indicator<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;">water, vinegar, baking soda sol’n, soap,
lemonade, citric acid, aspirin<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
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<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.75pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 327.9pt;" valign="top" width="437"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">TEST. Find the nature of 5 unknown clear
liquids: acid or base? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.75pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 327.9pt;" valign="top" width="437"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Extension:</span></b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> Make a pH Column (“A Traffic Light”)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;">Materials</span></i></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;">: sodium carbonate, vinegar and
universal indicator in proportions<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
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<td style="background: rgb(242, 219, 219); border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.75pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(242, 219, 219); border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 327.9pt;" valign="top" width="437"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Acidic Breath. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Introduce CO2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.75pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">11<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 327.9pt;" valign="top" width="437"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Fire Extinguisher : soda+vinegar make the
candle blown off <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.75pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">12<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 327.9pt;" valign="top" width="437"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Bubble Bomb. Balloon blown up (raising
hand).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="background: rgb(229, 184, 183); border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.75pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">13<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(229, 184, 183); border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 327.9pt;" valign="top" width="437"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">A Chilling Recipe (SBE, CSIRO): Cool Pack
(use sealable freezer bag)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.75pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">14<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 327.9pt;" valign="top" width="437"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Hand Warmers: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;">use
2 sealable freezer bags: large (dst. Water ~100) & small (CaCl2~4g)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.75pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">15<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 327.9pt;" valign="top" width="437"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">A Child Lost Salt in a Desert : Separating
Mixture Salt+Sand<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.75pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">16<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 327.9pt;" valign="top" width="437"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">HEAT. Water Thermometer. Demo:
Ball&Ring. Ice in Freezer Demo.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 17;">
<td style="background: rgb(229, 184, 183); border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.75pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">17<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(229, 184, 183); border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 327.9pt;" valign="top" width="437"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">AIR PRESSURE: Hanging Water. Siphoning.
Vacuum Mat. Magdeburg Hemispheres and the Story! Two holes bottle (air
provides nec. push). Blowing Marshmallow competition. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 18;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.75pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">18<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 327.9pt;" valign="top" width="437"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Sink or Float? Density. Galileo Thermometer. Cartesian Diver. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 19;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.75pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">19<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 327.9pt;" valign="top" width="437"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Egg In a Bottle. Extension: demo Crashed
Can<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 20;">
<td style="background: rgb(229, 184, 183); border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.75pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">20
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(229, 184, 183); border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 327.9pt;" valign="top" width="437"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">STATIC ELECTRICITY FUN. Quick and easy
experiments: “salt & pepper”, “moving can” .Bet You Can’t!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 21;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.75pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">21<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 327.9pt;" valign="top" width="437"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Lemon Battery. And The Galvani-Volta Story: The Frogs
Legs<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 22;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.75pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">23<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 327.9pt;" valign="top" width="437"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Simple Circuit. Energy Stick activity. Make a simple circuit. Morse Code.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 23;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.75pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">24<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 327.9pt;" valign="top" width="437"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">LABORATORY SKILLS: measurements<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 24;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.75pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">25<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 327.9pt;" valign="top" width="437"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Fun With The Sun: UV beads<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 25; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.75pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">26<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 327.9pt;" valign="top" width="437"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Making Slime. Demo: prof Bunsen silly putty
(exc.!)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";">References:</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[2] </span><a href="http://www.abc.net.au/science/surfingscientist/magic.flower.htm"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.abc.net.au/science/surfingscientist/magic.flower.htm</span></span></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";">[4]
</span><a href="http://www.exploratorium.edu/afterschool/activities/index.php?activity=138"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "calibri";">http://www.exploratorium.edu/afterschool/activities/index.php?activity=138</span></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";">[7]
pH redcab </span><a href="http://www.abc.net.au/science/surfingscientist/pdf/lesson_plan16.pdf"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "calibri";">http://www.abc.net.au/science/surfingscientist/pdf/lesson_plan16.pdf</span></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(**)with good pupils we do pH column! Big fun.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";">(7)
Start-up: “what are chemicals?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“are all
chemicals dangerous? are all chemicals liquids?” </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“is water a chemical? what about lemonade or
vinegar?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“what do you know about acids
and bases?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“are all acids dangerous?”</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18343830016105006474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8732699610262148006.post-27272471310135621622013-12-08T06:04:00.004-08:002013-12-08T06:04:54.780-08:00Water Ladder<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<a href="http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/experiments/escapingwater.html"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/experiments/escapingwater.html</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<a href="http://www.planetseed.com/laboratory/water-ladder"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.planetseed.com/laboratory/water-ladder</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
</div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 10.5pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">When you use a paper towel to clean up spilled water, have you
ever noticed how the water seems to be taken up by the towel? Small openings in
the towel attract the water molecules. This is a force called capillary
attraction, and it pulls the water into the towel. If you hold the paper towel
vertically in a cup of water, you can see the water climb upward.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">How high can you get the water to climb? Can you use this as a
kind of “water ladder” to raise water to a higher level without a pump? This
activity will help you explore these ideas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
</div>
<span class="style3"><b><span style="color: #999900; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Escaping Water</span></b></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<div class="style51" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; margin: 1em 0cm; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Water can certainly move in
mysterious ways, get the water from one cup to make its way up hill and back
down into a second empty cup with the help of paper towels and an interesting
scientific process.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="color: #999900; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">Instructions:</span></b><span style="color: #999900; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">Twist a couple of pieces of
paper towel together until it forms something that looks a little like a
piece of rope, this will be the 'wick' that will absorb and transfer the
water (a bit like the wick on a candle transferring the wax to the flame).<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">Place one end of the paper
towels into the glass filled with water and the other into the empty
glass.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">Watch what happens (this
experiment takes a little bit of patience).<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<br />
<div class="style1" style="margin: 1em 0cm;">
<span style="color: #999900; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span><b><span style="color: #999900; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">What you'll need:</span></b><span style="color: #999900; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">A glass of water<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">An empty glass<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">Some paper towels<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="color: #999900; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">What's happening?</span></b><span style="color: #999900; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">Your paper towel rope (or wick) starts getting wet, after a few minutes
you will notice that the empty glass is starting to fill with water, it keeps
filling until there is an even amount of water in each glass, how does this
happen?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">This process is called 'capillary action', the water uses this process
to move along the tiny gaps in the fibre of the paper towels. It occurs due to
the adhesive force between the water and the paper towel being stronger than
the cohesive forces inside the water itself. This process can also be seen in
plants where moisture travels from the roots to the rest of the plant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18343830016105006474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8732699610262148006.post-71968627647060746212013-12-08T05:47:00.003-08:002013-12-08T05:47:54.491-08:00Capillary Action in Plants<h2>
Capillary Action</h2>
<a href="http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/capillaryaction.html">http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/capillaryaction.html</a><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Even if you've never heard of capillary action, it is still
important in your life. Capillary action is important for moving water (and all
of the things that are dissolved in it) around. It is defined as the movement
of water within the spaces of a porous material due to the forces of adhesion,
cohesion, and surface tension.</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Capillary action occurs because water is sticky, thanks to
the forces of cohesion (water molecules like to stay close together) and
adhesion (water molecules are attracted and stick to other substances).
Adhesion of water to the walls of a vessel will cause an upward force on the
liquid at the edges and result in a meniscus which turns upward. The height to which capillary action will take water in a uniform
circular tube (picture to left) is limited by surface tension and, of course,
gravity.</span></div>
<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">When you spill your glass of drink on the kitchen table you
rush to get a paper towel to wipe it up. First, you can thank surface tension,
which keeps the liquid in a nice puddle on the table, instead of a thin film of
sugary goo that spreads out onto the floor. When you put the paper towel onto
your mess the liquid adheres itself to the paper fibers and the liquid moves to
the spaces between and inside of the fibers - thank capillary action!</span><br />
<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Plants and trees couldn't thrive without capillary action.
Plants put down roots into the soil which are capable of carrying water from
the soil up into the plant. Water, which contains dissolved nutrients, gets
inside the roots and starts climbing up the plant tissue.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
<h2 class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";"><span class="apple-converted-space"></span></span><span style="color: #003388; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><u>The proof is
in the<span class="apple-converted-space"> ....</span> celery<o:p></o:p></u></span></h2>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">In the experiment, the students will get to see water climb up <em><span style="color: red;">narrow glass capillary tubes</span></em> and also climb through the capillary tubes in celery stalks. The students will also observe the celery stalks or white carnations change color over time. Therefore, the students will be learning about making observations and logging their results as they observe the stalks and flowers over the week.</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">You can see capillary action in action (although slowly) by doing
an experiment where you place the bottom of a celery stalk in a glass of water
with food coloring and watch for the movement of the color to the top leaves of
the celery. You might want to use a piece of celery that has begun to whither,
as it is in need of a quick drink. It can take a few days, but, as these
pictures show, the colored water is "drawn" upward, against the pull
of gravity. This effect happens because, in plants, water molecules move through
narrow tubes that are called capillaries (or xylem).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<br /></span><br />
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18343830016105006474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8732699610262148006.post-35014452615841705012013-12-08T05:14:00.002-08:002013-12-08T05:15:25.712-08:00Surface Tension Experiments<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">Surface Tension Experiments</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<a href="http://www.hometrainingtools.com/experiments-with-water-science-project/a/1272/">http://www.hometrainingtools.com/experiments-with-water-science-project/a/1272/</a><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">Surface tension is one of water's most important
properties. It is the reason that water collects in drops, but it is also why
water can travel up a plant stem, or get to your cells through the smallest
blood vessels. You can experiment with surface tension using just a few
household items.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">What To Do:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">1. Start with a cup of water and some paperclips.
Do you think a paperclip will float in the water? Drop one in the cup to find
out. Since the paperclip is denser than the water, it will sink to the bottom
of the cup.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">2. Now find out if you can use surface tension to
float the paperclip. Instead of dropping the paperclip into the cup, gently lay
it flat on the surface of the water. (This is tricky</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">- ”</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">it may help to place a piece of paper
towel slightly bigger than the paperclip in the water. Then lay the paperclip
on top of it. In a minute or so, the paper towel will sink, leaving the
paperclip floating on top of the water.) Even though the paperclip is still
denser than the water, the strong attraction between the water molecules on the
surface surface forms a type of "skin" that supports the clip.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">3. <span style="color: red;">Now put a drop of dish soap in the water</span>. This
will bind with the water molecules, interfering with the surface tension. The
paper clip will sink. You can try floating other things on top of the water
also</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">-</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">pepper floats well
until you add dish soap. Can you find any other light items that will float?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">There
are some insects, called water skimmers (or water striders), which are able to walk on water,
by using surface tension. They land on the surface of the water, but are
so light they don't break the surface tension. Then by flapping their
wings, they can zip around on the surface.</span></li>
</ul>
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</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<a href="http://www.appstate.edu/~goodmanjm/rcoe/asuscienceed/background/waterdrops/waterdrops.html"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">http://www.appstate.edu/~goodmanjm/rcoe/asuscienceed/background/waterdrops/waterdrops.html</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">Let's start with the drop of water on the wax paper:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">It is easy to see that the drop seems to have a "skin" holding
it into a sort of flattened sphere. It turns out that this <i>surface
tension</i> is the result of the tendency of water molecules to attract
one another (called <i>cohesion</i>). <span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Though teachers often talk about surface tension being like a "skin", this is not really an accurate model...The surface does not react to being poked with a stick as a skin would. In fact, the water not only sticks to itself, it sticks to the wood ...This is called <em>adhesion</em> because of attraction to different substance</span></span></span></div>
<ul>
<li><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><span style="font-size: small;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"><em>Surface tension can be shown with many other demonstrations, including one in which you add coins to a full glass of water and note how the surface rises well above the rim of the glass.</em></span></span></span></span></div>
</li>
<li><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 204); color: black; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em>Place a small puddle of distilled water -- about 1.5 cm in
diameter -- onto a clean acetate sheet. Note the shape of the puddle. Touch the
tip of a clean toothpick to a small amount of liquid detergent, and wipe clean.
Carefully touch the tip of the toothpick to the surface of the puddled water.
Note and record the result.</em></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;">
<li><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 204); color: black; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 204); color: black; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em>Place distilled water in one well of a 24-well plate. Place
an equal volume of 1% detergent solution in an adjacent well. Dilute food
coloring may be added to each well; this is optional. Place an open-ended glass
capillary tube in each well. Slowly remove the capillary tube. Note the length
of liquid in each tube.</em></span></span></span></div>
</li>
<li><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
<span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 204); color: black; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><em>Place several drops of milk on a small 2.5-cm watch glass.
Add a small drop of food coloring on the surface at a point near the edge of
the tiny puddle of milk. Using a plastic transfer pipet, add one drop of liquid
detergent on the top edge of the watch glass on the side opposite the location
of the food coloring. Note and record the observations. (Alternatively - see <span style="color: red;">"Milk in Motion"</span> post)</em></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></ul>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="Questions"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">Questions</span></b></a><span style="mso-bookmark: Questions;"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">Kitchen detergents
make water wetter. Explain this statement.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="Discussion-"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">Discussion-</span></b></a><span style="mso-bookmark: Discussion-;"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">Detergents lower the surface tension of water. Each of the phenomena
studied here has an explanation rooted partially or entirely in the lowering of
the surface tension of water by the detergent. The dye spreading over the milk
is the most complex of the phenomena. Close visual examination shows that the
liquid detergent flows down the glass surface for many, many minutes. As a
result, the detergent concentration at the surface of the milk changes
throughout the duration of the observation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="Answers-"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">Answers-</span></b></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">Q1. Kitchen detergents make water wetter. Explain this statement.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">A1. Water with added detergent covers more surface on flat surfaces.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
</div>
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
</div>
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
</div>
<ul type="disc">
</ul>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18343830016105006474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8732699610262148006.post-10794890489868481612013-12-08T04:25:00.000-08:002013-12-08T04:25:04.000-08:00SURFACE TENSION: MILK IN MOTION<h2>
SURFACE TENSION: MILK IN MOTION</h2>
<a href="http://www.csiro.au/helix/sciencemail/activities/milkmoving.html">http://www.csiro.au/helix/sciencemail/activities/milkmoving.html</a><br />
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18343830016105006474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8732699610262148006.post-21624033558945163422013-12-08T04:12:00.004-08:002013-12-08T04:12:45.254-08:00Acidic Breath<h2>
BREATH IN ...BREATH OUT...</h2>
<a href="http://www.csiro.au/helix/sciencemail/activities/AcidOcean.html">http://www.csiro.au/helix/sciencemail/activities/AcidOcean.html</a><br />
<br />
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18343830016105006474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8732699610262148006.post-33736505907066462062013-12-08T04:10:00.002-08:002013-12-08T04:10:17.572-08:00Bath Bomb<br />
<h1 style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc220464817;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Bath ‘Bombs’</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<br />
<h2 style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc220464818">Material</a>
</h2>
<div style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">by <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Lisa Crook and Jenni
Empson-Ridler. <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Haling Manor High
School. South Croydon.</span></span></span></div>
<br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">20 g sodium bicarbonate (sodium hydrogen carbonate)<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">10 g citric acid (irritant)<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">sunflower oil<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">2 x 250cm<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">3</span></sup> beakers<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">glass stirrer<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">dropper<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">cling film<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">large bowl of water<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<h2 style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc220464819"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;"><em>Procedure</em></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.5pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Put 20g sodium bicarbonate
and 10g citric acid into a beaker and mix well.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Add the oil, one drop at a
time, mixing in well. After a few drops, the mixture should begin to hold
together when pressed against the side of the beaker. The mixture should
still look quite dry.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Line the second beaker
with cling film.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Pour the mixture into the
lined beaker and pack it down tightly.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Twist the edges of the
cling film together so that the mixture is completely enclosed, then pull
it out of the beaker.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Shape the mixture into a
firm ball and very carefully undo the cling film.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">If possible, leave the
bath bomb to dry overnight.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Fill a large bowl (or
sink) with water and drop the ‘bath bomb’ into it. It should move about,
fizzing vigorously.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18343830016105006474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8732699610262148006.post-50138872654835963612013-12-08T04:02:00.002-08:002013-12-08T04:02:22.234-08:00A Chilling Recipe: Cool pack <h2>
A Chilling Recipe: Cool pack </h2>
<br />
<a href="http://www.csiro.au/helix/sciencemail/activities/chillingrecipe.html"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">http://www.csiro.au/helix/sciencemail/activities/chillingrecipe.html</span></a><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Try this: A chilling
recipe<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">You will need<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<ul type="disc"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Sodium
bicarbonate (baking soda)<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Citric
acid<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Teaspoon<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Zip-lock
plastic bag<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Water<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">What to do<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<ol start="1" type="1"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Open
the zip-lock bag and pour in three to four teaspoons of citric acid.<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Add
the same amount of sodium bicarbonate and mix the powders together.<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Touch
the outside of the bag. How does it feel? Is it warm or cold?<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Add
a small amount of water to the bag – enough to wet the powder
sufficiently. Watch what happens.<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Touch
the outside of the bag again. Now how does it feel?<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
</ol>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">atoms. Citric acid gives
its hydrogen away, which is used by sodium bicarbonate. We can keep track of
this swap-around if we use a chemical equation:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">citric acid + sodium
bicarbonate –> carbon dioxide + water + sodium citrate</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">H<sub>3</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>7</sub> +
NaHCO<sub>3</sub> –> CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O + NaC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O</span><sub><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">7</span></sub></span></b></div>
<b><sub><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">What’s happening?<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Sodium bicarbonate is what we call a ‘base’. That means when it is mixed in water, it dissolves to make a solution that has a pH over 7. What does that mean? It means that the chemicals in it love to steal hydrogen ions!<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Citric acid, on the other hand, is a little different. Mixed with water, it has a pH under 7, which is technically why we call it an ‘acid’. More importantly, it loves to give hydrogen ions away.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">As a powdered solid, the two chemicals can’t do very much. They need to dissolve in water to be able to spread out and react with each other. When they do, they swap some of their</span> </span></div>
</sub></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><o:p></o:p></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">The bubbles you see are the gas carbon dioxide
forming. But why does it feel cold?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Chemical reactions need energy to occur. Sometimes,
they then produce more energy than they use and release it into the
environment. However in this case, the reaction takes the energy it needs from
its surroundings, sucking heat away and locking it away as chemical bonds. This
is an ‘endothermic’ reaction, which means ‘heat goes in’, so it feels cold to
the touch (it is taking the heat away from your fingers).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Applications<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Have you ever had an injury on the sporting field
and needed a cold pack? It can be troublesome keeping ice cold while you play
out on a sporting field somewhere, especially if you need to carry it around in
an esky.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Chemical cold packs create their own ‘cold’ when
you need them. There are a few different types, but they all involve
endothermic reactions or processes of some sort. The bags usually contain two
different chemicals in different compartments. Breaking a seal allows them to
mix, which absorbs heat from the surroundings. Putting it on your injury means
the reaction will steal its warmth as well, which can reduce swelling and give
your body time to deal with the trauma.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18343830016105006474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8732699610262148006.post-45120123671439770752013-12-08T03:08:00.002-08:002013-12-08T03:08:11.160-08:00Fireworks and Mystery Metal activity<b><span style="font-family: AmericanTypewriter-Bold; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: AmericanTypewriter-Bold; font-size: large;"></span></span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: AmericanTypewriter-Bold; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: AmericanTypewriter-Bold; font-size: large;"><div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></div>
<h1 align="LEFT" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> WHAT CAUSES THE BRIGHT COLORS IN FIREWORKS?</span></span></h1>
<h1 align="LEFT" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc220464820;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Mystery Metal and flame test</span></span></h1>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-size: small;">
<u>Flame tests </u>are useful in lab. situations when it is necessary to identify a compound that is an unknown. This happens frequently when labels fall off of containers. Many fireworks get their colour because salts burn brightly. Copper salts give fireworks green colour and lithium aand strontium produce red colours.</span></div>
<h2 align="LEFT" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc220464821"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;"><em>Material</em></span></a></h2>
<div align="LEFT">
<span style="font-size: small;">
F</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: small;">ume cupboard; <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: small;">Bunsen burner and bench protection sheet<o:p></o:p></span></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT">
<ul type="disc"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: small;">2 crucibles, containing unknown, labelled A & B</span></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: small;">5 crucibles, each containing a different metal compounds, </span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: small;">flame test wires with cork holders</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: small;">2M hydrochloric acid (corrosive)</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: small;">calcium chloride (irritant)</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: small;">copper chloride (toxic)</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: small;">strontium chloride (irritant)</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: small;">sodium chloride</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: small;">potassium chloride <o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"></span><span style="font-size: small;">WEAR SAFETY GLASSES ALL THE TIME; TURN ON EXHAUST FANS</span></div>
<h2 style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc220464822"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;"><em>Procedure</em></span></a> (teacher's demo for Yr4 students)</h2>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: small;">Light the Bunsen burner.
Adjust it to get a roaring flame.<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: small;">Dip the flame test wire
into the concentrated acid, then hold it in the hottest part of the flame.
Repeat the process until there is little or no colour from the test wire in
the flame. Let it cool. You may have to repeat this step several times
especially towards the end of the experiment.<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: small;">Take one of the crucibles
containing a known metal compound. Now pick up the flame test wire. Dip
the tip of the wire into a little concentrated hydrochloric acid. Then
touch the compound in the crucible with the tip so that a tiny bit of the
powder sticks to it.<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hold the wire in the flame
of the Bunsen burner so that the powdered solid is in the edge of the
flame. You should see a coloured flame. Write down the colour in the table
below.<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: small;">Now repeat instructions 2
to 4 with the other four compounds. Write down the flame colour for each
metal in the table.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">OBSERVE & RECORD
RESULTS<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></span></ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: currentColor; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><td style="background-color: transparent; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt;" valign="top" width="308"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Name of Metal Salt Used </span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt;" valign="top" width="308"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Colour of Flame</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></tr>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt;" valign="top" width="308"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u>Sodium </u></b>Chloride</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt;" valign="top" width="308"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></tr>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt;" valign="top" width="308"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u>Potassium</u></b> Chloride</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt;" valign="top" width="308"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></tr>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt;" valign="top" width="308"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u>Calcium</u></b> Chloride</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt;" valign="top" width="308"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></tr>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt;" valign="top" width="308"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u>Copper</u></b> Chloride (or
sulphate)</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt;" valign="top" width="308"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></tr>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt;" valign="top" width="308"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u>Strontium </u></b>Chloride<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><o:p></o:p></u></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt;" valign="top" width="308"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></tr>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span></div>
<ol start="6" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: small;">Now you are ready to help
Sherlock Holmes identify the substances. Take one of the unknown
substances, then do the flame test on it and see if you can tell which
metal is in it from the colour of the flame. </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Test of the unknown<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: currentColor; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><td style="background-color: transparent; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154pt;" valign="top" width="205"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">UNKNOWN #</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.05pt;" valign="top" width="205"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">COLOUR OF FLAME OBSERVED</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.05pt;" valign="top" width="205"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">METAL ion in the salt</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></tr>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154pt;" valign="top" width="205"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.05pt;" valign="top" width="205"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.05pt;" valign="top" width="205"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></tr>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154pt;" valign="top" width="205"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">B</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.05pt;" valign="top" width="205"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.05pt;" valign="top" width="205"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></tr>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<ol start="6" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></ol>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></div>
</span><br /></span><br />
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18343830016105006474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8732699610262148006.post-60951266807452175972013-12-07T23:40:00.000-08:002013-12-07T23:40:09.049-08:00MAKING BUBBLE BOMB
<br />
<h1 align="center" style="margin: 24pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #365f91; font-family: Cambria; font-size: large;">MAKING BUBBLE BOMB</span></h1>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: currentColor; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 189.7pt;" valign="top" width="253">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter">
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0">
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0">
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1">
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2">
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth">
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight">
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1">
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2">
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth">
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0">
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight">
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0">
</v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:formulas>
<v:path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect" o:extrusionok="f">
<o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit">
</o:lock></v:path></v:stroke></span></v:shapetype><v:shape alt="bubble bomb.gif" id="Picture_x0020_0" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 127.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 168.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">
<v:imagedata o:title="bubble bomb" src="file:///C:\Users\EKATER~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif">
</v:imagedata></span></v:shape></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 272.4pt;" valign="top" width="363">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Materials:</span></span></u></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><br /><span style="font-family: Calibri;">
</span></span></u></b><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16pt;">water</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16pt;"><br />
<span style="background: white;">measuring cup</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">zipper-lock plastic sandwich bags</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">paper towel</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">tablespoon</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">baking soda</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">vinegar</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 462.1pt;" valign="top" width="616">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<a href="http://www.instructables.com/id/Bubble-Bomb/"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">http://www.instructables.com/id/Bubble-Bomb/</span></a></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<u><span style="background: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><span style="text-decoration: none;"> </span></o:p></span></u></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<u><span style="background: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">WHAT TO DO:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>1-Tear a paper towel into a square that measures about
10cmx10cm. Put 1 1/2 tablespoons of baking soda in the centre of the square,
then fold the square as shown in the picture, with the baking soda inside. This
is your "time-release packet."<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>2-Pour into your plastic bag: 1/2 cup of vinegar &
1/4 cup of warm water<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>3-Now here's the tricky part. You need to drop the
time-release packet into the vinegar and zip the bag closed before the fizzing
gets out of control. One way or another, get the packet in the vinegar and zip
the bag closed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>4-Shake the bag a little, put it in the sink or on the
ground, and stand back! The bag will puff up dramatically and pop with a bang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">USE<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Any baked goods that rise
rely on carbon dioxide bubbles to get the job done. You can make these bubbles
either by using yeast or by <u>using the vinegar-soda (acid-base) reaction like
you did in the experiment.</u></span><u><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></u><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
<span style="background: white;">Another method that cooks use to make something
rise is a combination of baking soda and an acidic ingredient, like orange
juice or buttermilk. This is the same kind of chemical reaction that took place
in your bubble bomb.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="background: white;">Next time someone you know is baking, check the
recipe to see if you can figure out what ingredients make the bubbles that make
the cake or bread or cookies rise.</span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18343830016105006474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8732699610262148006.post-74961743770796757222013-04-26T20:28:00.001-07:002013-12-08T03:50:06.799-08:00Red Cabbage Indicator
<br />
<h2 style="background: white; margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="activity"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Try this: Colour-changing cabbage</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></h2>
<br />
<div style="background: white;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></span></div>
<div style="background: white;">
<a href="http://www.csiro.au/helix/sciencemail/activities/Cabbage.html"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Times New Roman;">http://www.csiro.au/helix/sciencemail/activities/Cabbage.html</span></a></div>
<div style="background: white;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></div>
<div style="background: white;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">We're going to make an indicator solution, which changes colour when
it is mixed with an acid or a base.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<h3 style="background: white; margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">You will need<o:p></o:p></span></span></h3>
<br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Fresh red
cabbage (which is purple); </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">a sharp
knife;</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">a cutting
board; </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">hot tap
water</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">a
strainer & </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">a funnel</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">pH scale for red cabbage can be found: <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #0e7744; display: inline !important; float: none; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/16px arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><a href="http://www.csun.edu/~aef21890/coursework/525/assignments/acids%2520%26%2520bases%2520demo-l">http://www.csun.edu/~aef21890/coursework/525/assignments/acids%2520%26%2520bases%2520demo-l</a>...</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
<b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Preparation of red cabbage indicator (done by the teacher the night before)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<ul type="disc"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Cut ½ of a cabbage into small pieces.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Cook cabbage in 2 liters of water for about 15 minutes <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Separate the bluish-purple liquid from the cabbage and let it cool<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span> </div>
</ul>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">pH Determination of Household Products</span> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Garamond","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(student lab activity)</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Garamond","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> – red cabbage (any food store has it), tools to cook red
cabbage for 15 minutes, </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">red cabbage juice, red cabbage juice pH scale, pH
paper, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, pipettes or syringes, 50 mL or
smaller pastic cup or beaker for each substance being test, common house
products in liquid for (vinegar, lemon juice, 7-up, windex, ajax, soap, bleach,
baking soda, bleach, etc), and beaker for waste.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Garamond","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">In this activity:</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">If the indicator turns the
solution red or pink, the solutions are acids. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">A purple solution indicates
that it is neutral, neither an acid nor a base. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">If the indicator turns the
solution blue, green, or yellow, the solutions are bases.</span> </span></div>
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</div>
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<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
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<h1 align="center" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt 18pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="font-size: large;">pH Determination of Household Products<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Lab # <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt;">Predict
the pH value of substances & estimate the pH value by using the red
cabbage juice indicator <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt;">Use the
indicator to identify acidic, basic, and neutral substances found in any
home<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt;">Classify
household items as acids and bases<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt;">Collect
and analyze data <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt;">Organize
and analyze results in tables and graphs <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 45pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 45.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Rounded MT Bold","sans-serif";">Hypothesis/prediction:</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US">All items used to clean will be more
like (acids/bases) because _________
___________________________________________________ and items used as foods
will be more like (acids/bases) because __________________________________. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 45pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 45.0pt left 351.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">indicator</b> being used is ______________________________.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 45pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 45.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">independent variable</b> is _____________ and the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">dependent variable</b> is
_____________.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></b></div>
<h6>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Rounded MT Bold","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">PROCEDURE
<o:p></o:p></span></h6>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt;">Estimating
pH values with red cabbage indicator – complete data table!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">line up all substances to be tested on top of white paper <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">write each name in your data table </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Garamond; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> data table! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">predict each substance as basic, neutral, or acidic </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Garamond; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> data table!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">record the color of each substance to be tested - best to use color
pencils! </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Garamond; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> data table!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">observe the red cabbage indicator, record its color </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Garamond; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> data table!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">place a labeled beaker in front of each substance to be tested <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">add about 5-10mL of red cabbage indicator to all labeled beakers<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">to the corresponding cups with indicator, add drop by drop up to 5mL
of (1mL = 16 drops) the substance to be tested & record the color change
of the indicator </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Garamond; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> data table! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">organize all cups from most acidic to most basic using as a guide the
pH scale for red cabbage juice <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">estimate the pH value of each substance by using the pH scale for red
cabbage juice </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Garamond; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> record in the data table! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">14.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">classify each
product as acid, base, or neutral </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Garamond; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> record in the data table! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">15.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">slowly pour 2 mL
of vinegar into 2 mL of baking powder and write your observations<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">16.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">add 2 mL of milk
into each cup (A & B).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Add 6 drops
of water to cup A.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After each drop,
mix well & record any change.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Using vinegar, repeat the procedure with cup B and record any
changes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">CLEAN
UP!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pour all substances in the waste
beaker & rinse each used beaker.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Dry each cup & leave everything the way you found it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Remember
no traces of water on your working area or -25pts for each member of the
group.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
</div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Garamond","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Notes: <o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Garamond","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">steps 4-14 can be done in one class
period, as wells as collecting the data in the following table <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Garamond","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">another class period is needed to
discuss the results and answer the following analysis question as well as
preparing their graphs – students may need to finish for homework<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">DATA
Table 1<span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Franklin Gothic Demi","sans-serif";">pH of Common Household Products</span></u></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Franklin Gothic Demi","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: currentColor; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; width: 734px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Household Product <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Prediction </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Garamond; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">
Acid, Base, Neutral<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54pt;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoHeading8" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><em>Initial
color of product<o:p></o:p></em></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81pt;" valign="top" width="108">
<div class="MsoHeading8" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><em>Initial
color of indicator <o:p></o:p></em></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoHeading8" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><em>Final
color of indicator<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></em></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Estimated pH Values<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39.45pt;" valign="top" width="53">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Acid <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 41.55pt;" valign="top" width="55">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Base<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50.4pt;" valign="top" width="67">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Neutral <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Narrow";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">HCl (hydrochloric acid) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54pt;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81pt;" valign="top" width="108">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39.45pt;" valign="top" width="53">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 41.55pt;" valign="top" width="55">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50.4pt;" valign="top" width="67">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Narrow";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Water<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54pt;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81pt;" valign="top" width="108">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39.45pt;" valign="top" width="53">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 41.55pt;" valign="top" width="55">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50.4pt;" valign="top" width="67">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Narrow";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54pt;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81pt;" valign="top" width="108">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39.45pt;" valign="top" width="53">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 41.55pt;" valign="top" width="55">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50.4pt;" valign="top" width="67">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Narrow";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54pt;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81pt;" valign="top" width="108">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39.45pt;" valign="top" width="53">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 41.55pt;" valign="top" width="55">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50.4pt;" valign="top" width="67">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Narrow";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54pt;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81pt;" valign="top" width="108">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39.45pt;" valign="top" width="53">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 41.55pt;" valign="top" width="55">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50.4pt;" valign="top" width="67">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Narrow";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54pt;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81pt;" valign="top" width="108">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39.45pt;" valign="top" width="53">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 41.55pt;" valign="top" width="55">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50.4pt;" valign="top" width="67">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Narrow";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54pt;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81pt;" valign="top" width="108">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39.45pt;" valign="top" width="53">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 41.55pt;" valign="top" width="55">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50.4pt;" valign="top" width="67">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Narrow";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54pt;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81pt;" valign="top" width="108">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39.45pt;" valign="top" width="53">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 41.55pt;" valign="top" width="55">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50.4pt;" valign="top" width="67">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Narrow";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54pt;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81pt;" valign="top" width="108">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39.45pt;" valign="top" width="53">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 41.55pt;" valign="top" width="55">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50.4pt;" valign="top" width="67">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Narrow";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54pt;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81pt;" valign="top" width="108">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39.45pt;" valign="top" width="53">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 41.55pt;" valign="top" width="55">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50.4pt;" valign="top" width="67">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Narrow";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54pt;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81pt;" valign="top" width="108">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39.45pt;" valign="top" width="53">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 41.55pt;" valign="top" width="55">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50.4pt;" valign="top" width="67">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Narrow";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54pt;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81pt;" valign="top" width="108">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39.45pt;" valign="top" width="53">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 41.55pt;" valign="top" width="55">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50.4pt;" valign="top" width="67">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Narrow";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54pt;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81pt;" valign="top" width="108">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39.45pt;" valign="top" width="53">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 41.55pt;" valign="top" width="55">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50.4pt;" valign="top" width="67">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Narrow";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">14.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54pt;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81pt;" valign="top" width="108">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72pt;" valign="top" width="96">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39.45pt;" valign="top" width="53">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 41.55pt;" valign="top" width="55">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50.4pt;" valign="top" width="67">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; width: 750px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 266.4pt;" valign="top" width="355">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt;">DATA (Color your drawings!)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><v:line from="156.2pt,10.85pt" id="_x0000_s1026" style="flip: x y; left: 0px; position: absolute; text-align: left; z-index: 251657728;" to="273.6pt,83.7pt">
<v:stroke endarrow="block">
</v:stroke></v:line><span lang="EN-US">This DATA table (25
pts) </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">Draw cups with indicator (5
pts)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">Draw household products being
tested (5 pts) </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">Draw all cups after adding
the substances being tested with the indicator (5 pts)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">Graph your results from the
most acidic to the most basic (10 pts) </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 296.2pt;" valign="top" width="395">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">pH Lab Report specifics -
due on _________ (100 pts) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Introduction – </span></b><span lang="EN-US">write a paragraph
explaining the big concepts and who they are related to the lab (15 pts) </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Under the introduction write the following:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 30.6pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">a.</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> objectives (5
pts)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">b.</b> hypothesis (5 pts)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">c.</b> variables (5 pts)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Data </span></b><span lang="EN-US">- items a-e in this order (50
pts)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Analysis </span></b><span lang="EN-US">– questions 1-10 (10
pts)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Conclusion</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> (10 pts)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: red;"><strong><u>SESSION 2.</u></strong></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">ANALYSIS Questions (pH post-lab questions) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Answer the following questions completely.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
</div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The main idea of this lab was … <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">It is important to learn about acids and bases because …<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">When you added vinegar to red cabbage indicator, the indicator
changed color from _______________ to ___________.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Why and when does red cabbage juice changes from purple to other
colors?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">When you added vinegar to baking powder, you noticed that …<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">List the substances you tested from most acidic to most basic. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The data shows that most foods are mostly __________ because …<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Cleaning supplies are mostly __________ because...<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">In the investigation with test tubes A & B the problem being
investigated was … The dependent variable was ________________.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The control was ______________.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My conclusion in this exercise is
____________________.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">In living things, pH is maintained within a narrow range.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why is pH important in maintaining
homeostasis?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 18pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Conclusion starter
</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">(write at
least 1 paragraph to explain how your results support or reject your
hypothesis, what you learned, and how you can improve your lab) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
</div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: yellow;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;">
</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18343830016105006474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8732699610262148006.post-1870245401879204062012-12-28T05:03:00.000-08:002013-12-08T04:19:55.038-08:00CAPILLARY ACTION: Blooming paper flower<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8732699610262148006" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><br /></a>
<br />
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8732699610262148006" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
<h1>
BLOOMING PAPER FLOWER</h1>
<h1>
<span class="st1"><span style="font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;">...ask a question, make a hypothesis, and observe what happens…</span></span></h1>
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1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>SURFACE TENSION</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
a.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Make a Paper clip float</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
b.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>The Great Pepper Dispersion</div>
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c.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Blooming paper flower:<br />
capillary action. <a href="http://www.abc.net.au/science/surfingscientist/magic.flower.htm">http://www.abc.net.au/science/surfingscientist/magic.flower.htm</a></div>
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.</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18343830016105006474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8732699610262148006.post-7061269462201303702012-12-27T22:30:00.000-08:002012-12-27T22:30:03.117-08:00Making a battery<br />
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18343830016105006474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8732699610262148006.post-90494220656304373212012-11-30T01:27:00.000-08:002012-12-01T02:46:37.302-08:00<br />
<h2>
FUN WITH the SUN: experiments with UV-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"> </span>beads </h2>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-TM287X-oiNg/ULh-lpZnd-I/AAAAAAAAAAk/auMHZ-bjwA0/s1600/uv-beads.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-TM287X-oiNg/ULh-lpZnd-I/AAAAAAAAAAk/auMHZ-bjwA0/s1600/uv-beads.jpg" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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Some materials taken from: <a href="http://spie.org/Documents/Courses/Education_Outreach/sun.pdf">http://spie.org/Documents/Courses/Education_Outreach/sun.pdf</a></div>
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MATERIALS:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt;">
bag of uv-beads (Prof.Bunsen, $15);<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt;">
UV-light
or torch; sunlight if possible; ordinary torch<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt;">
petri
dishes, zip-lock bags or acetate sheets; <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt;">
sunscreens
with diff. SPF.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt;">
SAFETY NOTES: Do not stare into the UV light for long</div>
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<td colspan="2" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 419pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">Testing beads<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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1.Show
the students UV-beads and ask for any
observation<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt;">
2.
Place a small handful of beads on the table and turn on the UV light for few
seconds. Ask about changes. <u>What do they think caused the changes?</u> <o:p></o:p></div>
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Shine
an ordinary light (torch) on the beads (no colour change)...<o:p></o:p></div>
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3.
Tell the students about <u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">ultraviolet light </span></u><o:p></o:p></div>
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4. Have
the students take the beads outside in the Sun. Ask why they think the beads change colour
in the Sun.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt;">
Give
each pair of students a few beads. Have the students put the beads in a
pocket or other dark place. Tell to face away from the Sun and take out the
beads. Make sure they keep the beads in their shadow. Ask why <i>the beads changed colours even though they
were in the shadows?</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt;">
5. Tell
the students that ultraviolet light is scattered (bouncing off particles) in
Earth’s atmosphere. Some of this UV light ends<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt;">
up
bouncing into areas that are in shadow. Therefore, the beads will change colours
even if they are in shadow!<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">Sunscreen Test<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">With the
different SPF (Sun Protection Factor) numbers available, we want to lotion
really works best at keeping out the sun's harmful UV rays?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">We used
two sun-blocks: Lacura15+ and Everyday
30+ and UV Beads to determine the
blocking potential of the sunscreen. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">Place
the beads in a zip-lock bag (or petri-dish) and apply a layer of sunscreen to
the outside of the bag. Use a permanent marker to write the SPF number of the
sunscreen you're testing on the outside of the bag. Be sure to set up one bag
without any sunscreen coating for comparison (the <i>CONTROL</i>). Expose the beads to direct sunlight (or shine UV-light)
for 5 minutes and look for any changes in color.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">NOTEs: Some
may claim that the sunscreen blocks UV light because you can’t see through
it. It was found (see the Ref. ) that cream cheese is a substance that blocks
visible light but not UV light.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Pill bottles
block UV light so the drugs inside are not damaged. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Extension:</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <i>There are many substances that allow
visible light to pass and block UV light. You<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">can
test items such as windows, car windshields, and sunglasses to see which
allow UV light to pass through and which block UV light.</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">Teacher’s Notes: <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">UV
sensitive beads contain pigments that change colour when exposed to
ultraviolet light.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The colour
of the beads becomes deeper when it is exposed to more intense UV light.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Our
atmosphere scatters light. Short wavelength light is scattered more than long
wavelength light. Scattering of short wavelength blue light is why our sky is
blue. UV light has an even shorter wavelength so it is scattered even more
than blue light. If your eyes could detect UV light, you would see UV light
coming from every direction in the sky!</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18343830016105006474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8732699610262148006.post-76460869781793376932012-11-30T00:37:00.000-08:002012-12-01T02:41:34.700-08:00<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8732699610262148006" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><br /></a><br />
<h1>
<span style="font-size: 18pt;">The Rising Hand (or balloon blown-up)<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: 5pt;"> </span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Materials <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"> Three teaspoons
of white vinegar <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"> One medical
latex glove (or balloon)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"> Two teaspoons
of baking soda <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"> A glass jar,
flask or a bottle <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2>
<i><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt;">*30 ml vinegar + 1tsp baking
soda is just fine (KN)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Procedure <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Fill the jar with three tablespoons of white
vinegar. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Take out one glove from the box and pour two
tea spoons of baking soda inside. (use funnel)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Wrap the base of the glove over the mouth of
the jar, making sure that no baking soda falls in just yet. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> When you are ready, take the attached glove
and put it inside the jar. What happens? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #d34817; font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 7.5pt;"></span><u><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">The Scientific Explanation</span></u><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">When vinegar and baking soda are mixed in a container, they react violently. The balloon (or GLOVE) blows up because a gas called <i>carbon dioxide</i> is created and given off when you mix the baking soda and vinegar.</span></div>
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Research
Questions</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">What do you think will happen when baking
soda and vinegar come in contact (what will be produced)? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">What do you think will happen to the
balloon attached? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Why does the balloon stop blowing up (why
does the reaction stop)? <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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